Analysis of peri-urban landscape composition and its spatio-temporal transformations: the case of the Metropolitan District of Quito
Abstract
Latin American contemporary cities are facing a rapidly urban dispersion which is mainly occurring in periurban zones. Since these transitional spaces remain geographically and conceptually unclear, having a greater understanding of its landscape composition has become a key issue for territorial planning purposes. In this article, the Metropolitan District of Quito urban-rural gradient landscape composition and its spatiotemporal transformations are analysed. Using satellite images of very high resolution of two periods, five Land Use-Land Covers (LULC) were identified in sixty-four sample polygons. Based on that, a transition matrix and a stability index were developed to analyse landscape composition change intensity. Results demonstrate that peri-urban areas show the highest landscape instability, although through a great diversity of land occupation typologies. The four dominant typologies are analysed. Parsing LULCs independently, vegetation showed the greatest instability, which significantly alters ecosystems and their services. On the other hand, mega-road infrastructure appears to be one of the most dramatic drivers of peri-urban transformation, since samples crossed by new highways experienced the greatest landscape transformation on average. Finally, this methodology and insights could be extrapolated to other Latin American cities, where micro-scale policymaking should be a priority in scenarios of complex and highly heterogeneous peri-urbanization.
Keyword : landscape composition, periurban areas, transition matrix, landscape stability index
How to Cite
Ortiz-Báez, P., Freire, M. J., & Bogaert, J. (2023). Analysis of peri-urban landscape composition and its spatio-temporal transformations: the case of the Metropolitan District of Quito. Journal of Architecture and Urbanism, 47(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3846/jau.2023.16968
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
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Gonçalves, J., Gomes, M. C., Ezequiel, S., Moreira, F., & Loupa-Ramos, I. (2017). Differentiating peri-urban areas: A transdisciplinary approach towards a typology. Land Use Policy, 63, 331–341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.01.041
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Hermida, M. A., Hermida, C., Cabrera, N., & Calle, C. (2015). La densidad urbana como variable de análisis de la ciudad. El caso de Cuenca, Ecuador. Eure, 41, 25–44. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0250-71612015000400002
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Kowe, P., Mutanga, O., Odindi, J., & Dube, T. (2020). A quantitative framework for analysing long term spatial clustering and vegetation fragmentation in an urban landscape using multi-temporal landsat data. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 88, 102057. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2020.102057
Lee, Y. C., Ahern, J., & Yeh, C. T. (2015). Ecosystem services in peri-urban landscapes: The effects of agricultural landscape change on ecosystem services in Taiwan’s western coastal plain. Landscape and Urban Planning, 139, 137–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.02.023
Liu, C., Zhang, F., Carl Johnson, V., Duan, P., & Kung, H.-t. (2021). Spatio-temporal variation of oasis landscape pattern in arid area: Human or natural driving? Ecological Indicators, 125, 107495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.107495
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Ortiz Báez, P., Boisson, S., Torres, M., & Bogaert, J. (2020). Analysis of the urban-rural gradient terminology and its imaginaries in a Latin-American context. Theoretical and Empirical Researches in Urban Management, 15(2), 81–98.
Perahia, R. (2009). Las transformaciones socioterritoriales en las áreas metropolitanas. Nuevas configuraciones espaciales en la Región Metropolitana de Buenos Aires. http://observatoriogeograficoamericalatina.org.mx/egal12/Geografiasocioeconomica/Geografiaurbana/143.pdf
Pérez-Hugalde, C., Romero-Calcerrada, R., Delgado-Pérez, P., & Novillo, C. J. (2011). Understanding land cover change in a Special Protection Area in Central Spain through the enhanced land cover transition matrix and a related new approach. Journal of Environmental Management, 92(4), 1128–1137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.11.032
Reis, J. P., Silva, E. A., & Pinho, P. (2016). Spatial metrics to study urban patterns in growing and shrinking cities. Urban Geography, 37(2), 246–271. https://doi.org/10.1080/02723638.2015.1096118
Roitman, S. (2003). Barrios cerrados y segregación social urbana. Scripta Nova: Revista Electrónica de Geografía y Ciencias Sociales, 7(146). http://www.ub.es/geocrit/sn/sn-146(118).htm
Rueda, S. (2009). El urbanismo ecológico: un nuevo urbanismo para abordar los retos de la sociedad actual. https://www.upv.es/contenidos/CAMUNISO/info/UrbanismoEcologicoSRueda.pdf
Seto, K. C., Guneralp, B., & Hutyra, L. R. (2012). Global forecasts of urban expansion to 2030 and direct impacts on biodiversity and carbon pools. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(40), 16083–16088. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1211658109
Shrestha, M. K., York, A. M., Boone, C. G., & Zhang, S. (2012). Land fragmentation due to rapid urbanization in the Phoenix Metropolitan Area: Analyzing the spatiotemporal patterns and drivers. Applied Geography, 32(2), 522–531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2011.04.004
Vega, R. C., Careaga, J. R., Fleites, G. L., Avilés, R. P., & Flores, V. T. (2007). Dinámica de cambio espacio-temporal de uso del suelo de la subcuenca del río san marcos, Puebla, México. Investigaciones Geograficas, 64, 78–89.
Vergés, F. A. R., Damián, J. L. P., & Bocco, G. (2008). Cambio de uso del suelo y vegetación en la península de Baja California, México. Investigaciones Geograficas, 67, 39–58.
Vizzari, M., & Sigura, M. (2015). Landscape sequences along the urban-rural-natural gradient: A novel geospatial approach for identification and analysis. Landscape and Urban Planning, 140, 42–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.04.001
Yu, X. J., & Ng, C. N. (2007). Spatial and temporal dynamics of urban sprawl along two urban–rural transects: A case study of Guangzhou, China. Landscape and Urban Planning, 79(1), 96–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2006.03.008
Bogaert, J., Biloso, A., Vranken, I., & André, M. (2015). Peri-urban dynamics: Landscape ecology perspectives. In Territoires périurbains: développement, enjeux et perspectives dans les pays du sud (pp. 59–69). Presses Agronomiques de Gembloux.
Bogaert, J., Vranken, I., & Andre, M. (2014). Biocultural landscapes. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8941-7
Borsdorf, A. (2003). Como modelar el desarrollo y la dinâmica de la ciudad latinoamericana. Eure, 29(86), 37–49. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0250-71612003008600002
Camacho-Sanabria, J. M., Pérez, J. I. J., Jaimes, N. B. P., Vargas, E. G. C., Peña, L. C. B., & López, M. S. (2015). Coverage/land use changes in a portion of the mountainous mexican transition zone. Madera y Bosques, 21(1), 93–112. https://doi.org/10.21829/myb.2015.211435
Carrión, F. (2015). Quito toma la forma del arco y flecha. El Comercio, 20–22.
Chakraborty, S., Maity, I., Patel, P. P., Dadashpoor, H., Pramanik, S., Follmann, A., Novotný, J., & Roy, U. (2021). Spatio-temporal patterns of urbanization in the Kolkata Urban Agglomeration: A dynamic spatial territory-based approach. Sustainable Cities and Society, 67, 102715. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2021.102715
Clavijo Palacios, C., & Cuvi, N. (2017). La sustentabilidad de las huertas urbanas y periurbanas con base agroecológica: el caso de Quito. Letras Verdes, Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios Socioambientales, 21, 68–91. https://doi.org/10.17141/letrasverdes.21.2017.2608
Cruz-Muñoz, F. (2021). Patrones de expansión urbana de las megaurbes latinoamericanas en el Nuevo Milenio. Eure, 47(140), 29–49. https://doi.org/10.7764/eure.47.140.02
Czekajlo, A., Coops, N. C., Wulder, M. A., Hermosilla, T., White, J. C., & van den Bosch, M. (2021). Mapping dynamic peri-urban land use transitions across Canada using Landsat time series: Spatial and temporal trends and associations with socio-demographic factors. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 88, 101653. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2021.101653
Delgado, J. (2003). La urbanización difusa, arquetipo territorial de la ciudad-región. Sociológica, 18(51), 13–48. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/3050/305026632002.pdf
Duany, A., Speck, J., Lydon, M., & Goffman, E. (2011). The smart growth manual. Sustainability: Science, Practice and Policy, 7(2), 89–90. https://doi.org/10.1080/15487733.2011.11908078
Environmental Secretariat MDQ. (2016). Atlas ambiental Quito sostenible. https://issuu.com/fiorum/docs/atlas_ambiental_2015_primera_parte
Estoque, R. C., & Murayama, Y. (2015). Intensity and spatial pattern of urban land changes in the megacities of Southeast Asia. Land Use Policy, 48, 213–222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2015.05.017
Forman, R., & Grodon, M. (1986). Landscape ecology. Wiley.
Frediani, J. C. (2013). La problemática del hábitat informal en áreas periurbanas del partido de La Plata. Revista Universitaria de Geografía, 22(1), 43–67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00769-009-0602-z
Freire Silva, M. J. (2015). QUITO: La búsqueda de una política para el espacio público. Universidad Politécnica de Cataluña, 4, 139. https://doi.org/10.5821/siiu.6112
Gonçalves, J., Gomes, M. C., Ezequiel, S., Moreira, F., & Loupa-Ramos, I. (2017). Differentiating peri-urban areas: A transdisciplinary approach towards a typology. Land Use Policy, 63, 331–341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.01.041
Google Earth. (2017). Satellite images of Quito, Ecuador. https://earth.google.com/
Guamán Guagalango, D. (2021). Barrios cerrados, y sus afectaciones en el espacio público de Cumbayá (Quito- Ecuador). URBS. Revista de Estudios Urbanos y Ciencias Sociales, 11(1), 95–114. http://www2.ual.es/urbs/index.php/urbs/article/view/462
Hahs, A. K., & McDonnell, M. J. (2006). Selecting independent measures to quantify Melbourne’s urban-rural gradient. Landscape and Urban Planning, 78(4), 435–448. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2005.12.005
Hermida, M. A., Hermida, C., Cabrera, N., & Calle, C. (2015). La densidad urbana como variable de análisis de la ciudad. El caso de Cuenca, Ecuador. Eure, 41, 25–44. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0250-71612015000400002
Huang, J., Pontius, R. G., Li, Q., & Zhang, Y. (2012). Use of intensity analysis to link patterns with processes of land change from 1986 to 2007 in a coastal watershed of southeast China. Applied Geography, 34, 371–384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2012.01.001
Inostroza, L., Baur, R., & Csaplovics, E. (2013). Urban sprawl and fragmentation in Latin America: A dynamic quantification and characterization of spatial patterns. Journal of Environmental Management, 115, 87–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.11.007
Kowe, P., Mutanga, O., Odindi, J., & Dube, T. (2020). A quantitative framework for analysing long term spatial clustering and vegetation fragmentation in an urban landscape using multi-temporal landsat data. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 88, 102057. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2020.102057
Lee, Y. C., Ahern, J., & Yeh, C. T. (2015). Ecosystem services in peri-urban landscapes: The effects of agricultural landscape change on ecosystem services in Taiwan’s western coastal plain. Landscape and Urban Planning, 139, 137–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.02.023
Liu, C., Zhang, F., Carl Johnson, V., Duan, P., & Kung, H.-t. (2021). Spatio-temporal variation of oasis landscape pattern in arid area: Human or natural driving? Ecological Indicators, 125, 107495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.107495
Municipio del Distrito Metropolitano de Quito. (2017). Plan metropolitano de desarrollo y ordenamiento territorial 2015-2025. https://www.patronato.quito.gob.ec/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/PMDOT-Plan-Metropolitano-de-Desarrollo-y-Ordenamiento-Territorial-2015-2025-Vigente.pdf
Municipio del Distrito Metropolitano de Quito. (2018). Visión de Quito 2040 y su nuevo modelo de ciudad. http://www.rniu.buap.mx/infoRNIU/nov18/2/quito-vision-2040-y-su-nuevo-modelo-de-ciudad.pdf
Municipio del Distrito Metropolitano de Quito. (2021). Plan metropolitano de desarrollo y ordenamiento territorial 2021-2033. https://gobiernoabierto.quito.gob.ec/plan-pmdot/
ONU-Habitat. (2012). Estado de las ciudades de América Latina y el Caribe 2012. Rumbo a una nueva transición urbana. http://www.zaragoza.es/contenidos/medioambiente/onu/newsletter12/887_spa.pdf
Ortiz-Báez, P., Cabrera-Barona, P., & Bogaert, J. (2021). Characterizing landscape patterns in urban-rural interfaces. Journal of Urban Management, 10(1), 46–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jum.2021.01.001
Ortiz Báez, P., Boisson, S., Torres, M., & Bogaert, J. (2020). Analysis of the urban-rural gradient terminology and its imaginaries in a Latin-American context. Theoretical and Empirical Researches in Urban Management, 15(2), 81–98.
Perahia, R. (2009). Las transformaciones socioterritoriales en las áreas metropolitanas. Nuevas configuraciones espaciales en la Región Metropolitana de Buenos Aires. http://observatoriogeograficoamericalatina.org.mx/egal12/Geografiasocioeconomica/Geografiaurbana/143.pdf
Pérez-Hugalde, C., Romero-Calcerrada, R., Delgado-Pérez, P., & Novillo, C. J. (2011). Understanding land cover change in a Special Protection Area in Central Spain through the enhanced land cover transition matrix and a related new approach. Journal of Environmental Management, 92(4), 1128–1137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.11.032
Reis, J. P., Silva, E. A., & Pinho, P. (2016). Spatial metrics to study urban patterns in growing and shrinking cities. Urban Geography, 37(2), 246–271. https://doi.org/10.1080/02723638.2015.1096118
Roitman, S. (2003). Barrios cerrados y segregación social urbana. Scripta Nova: Revista Electrónica de Geografía y Ciencias Sociales, 7(146). http://www.ub.es/geocrit/sn/sn-146(118).htm
Rueda, S. (2009). El urbanismo ecológico: un nuevo urbanismo para abordar los retos de la sociedad actual. https://www.upv.es/contenidos/CAMUNISO/info/UrbanismoEcologicoSRueda.pdf
Seto, K. C., Guneralp, B., & Hutyra, L. R. (2012). Global forecasts of urban expansion to 2030 and direct impacts on biodiversity and carbon pools. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(40), 16083–16088. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1211658109
Shrestha, M. K., York, A. M., Boone, C. G., & Zhang, S. (2012). Land fragmentation due to rapid urbanization in the Phoenix Metropolitan Area: Analyzing the spatiotemporal patterns and drivers. Applied Geography, 32(2), 522–531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2011.04.004
Vega, R. C., Careaga, J. R., Fleites, G. L., Avilés, R. P., & Flores, V. T. (2007). Dinámica de cambio espacio-temporal de uso del suelo de la subcuenca del río san marcos, Puebla, México. Investigaciones Geograficas, 64, 78–89.
Vergés, F. A. R., Damián, J. L. P., & Bocco, G. (2008). Cambio de uso del suelo y vegetación en la península de Baja California, México. Investigaciones Geograficas, 67, 39–58.
Vizzari, M., & Sigura, M. (2015). Landscape sequences along the urban-rural-natural gradient: A novel geospatial approach for identification and analysis. Landscape and Urban Planning, 140, 42–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2015.04.001
Yu, X. J., & Ng, C. N. (2007). Spatial and temporal dynamics of urban sprawl along two urban–rural transects: A case study of Guangzhou, China. Landscape and Urban Planning, 79(1), 96–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2006.03.008