Readiness assessment for BIM-based building permit processes using Fuzzy-COPRAS
Abstract
With the recent technological advancement in the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry, building control authorities in a number of countries are trying to integrate BIM into their building permit processes. Nevertheless, considering the involvement of multiple stakeholders and contexts, adopting BIM in any organization is challenging. The aim of this research is to assess readiness for BIM-based building permit processes using Fuzzy-COPRAS, a multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) method. In this research, three municipalities were selected as alternatives and twenty-five criteria (categorized into technology, people, process, and policies) related to BIM-based building permit processes were identified from a literature review. Then, as part of the COPRAS method, the weights of the criteria were determined based on their importance level through expert evaluation. The results of the study revealed the most important criteria for BIM-based building permit processes, i.e., supporting open standards, compatibility with existing building regulations and codes, willingness of employees, support from top management, and comprehensiveness of code compliance checks. Finally, the readiness assessment results demonstrated the most prepared alternative in the selected municipalities for the BIM-based building permit process based on the status of the considered criteria. The findings of this research have practical implications for municipalities considering and/or developing their BIM-based building permit processes in terms of where to focus their efforts with respect to the criteria associated with BIM-based building permits.
Keyword : building information modelling, building permits, e-permitting system, municipalities, readiness, fuzzy, MCDM, COPRAS
How to Cite
Ullah, K., Witt, E., Lill, I., Banaitienė, N., & Statulevičius, M. (2022). Readiness assessment for BIM-based building permit processes using Fuzzy-COPRAS. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 28(8), 620–633. https://doi.org/10.3846/jcem.2022.17274
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
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Saraji, M. K., Streimikiene, D., & Ciegis, R. (2022). A novel Pythagorean fuzzy-SWARA-TOPSIS framework for evaluating the EU progress towards sustainable energy development. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 194, 42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-021-09685-9
Sebastian, R., & van Berlo, L. (2010). Tool for benchmarking BIM performance of design, engineering, and construction firms in the Netherlands. Architectural Engineering and Design Management, 6(4), 254–263. https://doi.org/10.3763/aedm.2010.IDDS3
Shahi, K., McCabe, B. Y., & Shahi, A. (2019). Framework for automated model-based e-permitting system for municipal jurisdictions. Journal of Management in Engineering, 35(6), 04019025. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000712
Song, J., Migliaccio, G. C., Wang, G., & Lu, H. (2017). Exploring the influence of system quality, information quality, and external service on BIM user satisfaction. Journal of Management in Engineering, 33(6), 04017036. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000549
Succar, B. (2009). Building information modeling maturity matrix. In Handbook of research on building information modeling and construction informatics: Concepts and technologies. Information Science Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-928-1.ch004
Succar, B., & Kassem, M. (2015). Macro-BIM adoption: Conceptual structures. Automation in Construction, 57, 64–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2015.04.018
Tupėnaitė, L., Kaklauskas, A., Voitov, I., Trinkūnas, V., Siniak, N., Gudauskas, R., & Kanapeckienė, L. (2018). Multiple criteria assessment of apartment building performance for refurbishment purposes. International Journal of Strategic Property Management, 22(4), 236–251. https://doi.org/10.3846/ijspm.2018.3679
Ullah, K., Witt, E., & Lill, I. (2022). The BIM-based building permit process: Factors affecting adoption. Buildings, 12(1), 45. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12010045
United Nations. (2020). E-government survey 2020. Digital government in the decade for action for sustainable development. https://publicadministration.un.org/egovkb/Portals/egovkb/Documents/un/2020-Survey/2020%20UN%20E-Government%20Survey%20(Full%20Report).pdf
Vahdani, B., Mousavi, S. M., Tavakkoli-Moghaddam, R., Ghodratnama, A., & Mohammadi, M. (2014). Robot selection by a multiple criteria complex proportional assessment method under an interval-valued fuzzy environment. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 73(5), 687–697. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-014-5849-9
Virkamäki, P., & Masjagutova, J. (2020). Challenges and experiences to implement digital building application and permission in Finland. https://kirahub.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/11.15-FI-Vantaa-BIM-permit-Pekka-Jekaterina.pdf
World Bank. (2020). Doing business. World Bank Group. https://www.doingbusiness.org/en/doingbusiness
Yang, J. B., & Chou, H. Y. (2018). Mixed approach to government BIM implementation policy: An empirical study of Taiwan. Journal of Building Engineering, 20, 337–343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2018.08.007
Yazdani, M., Alidoosti, A., & Zavadskas, E. K. (2011). Risk analysis of critical infrastructures using fuzzy COPRAS. Economic Research-Ekonomska istraživanja, 24(4), 27–40. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2011.11517478
Zadeh, L. A. (1965). Fuzzy sets. Information and Control, 8, 338–353. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0019-9958(65)90241-X
Zadeh, L. A. (1975). The concept of a linguistic variable and its application to approximate reasoning – I. Information Sciences, 8(3), 199–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-0255(75)90036-5
Zavadskas, E. K., & Antucheviciene, J. (2007). Multiple criteria evaluation of rural building’s regeneration alternatives. Building and Environment, 42(1), 436–451. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2005.08.001
Zavadskas, E. K., Kaklauskas, A., & Sarka, V. (1994). The new method of multicriteria complex proportional assessment of projects. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 1(3), 131–139.
Zimmermann, H. J. (2010). Fuzzy set theory. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Computational Statistics, 2(3), 317–332. https://doi.org/10.1002/wics.82
American Institute of Architects. (2007). Integrated project delivery: A guide. Washington, DC, USA. https://info.aia.org/SiteObjects/files/IPD_Guide_2007.pdf
Bellos, C. V., Petroutsatou, K., & Anthopoulos, L. (2015). Electronic building permission system: The case of Greece. Procedia Engineering, 123, 50–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.10.056
BIMScore. (2013). Strategic building innovation BIMScore. https://www.BIMScore.com
Borrmann, A., König, M., Koch, C., & Beetz, J. (2018). Building information modeling: Why? what? how?. In A. Borrmann, M. König, C. Koch, & J. Beetz (Eds.), Building information modeling (pp. 1–24). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92862-3_1
ByggNett. (2013). ByggNett status survey of solutions and issues relevant to the development of ByggNett. Holte Consulting. https://dibk.no/globalassets/byggnett/byggnett_rapporter/byggnett-status-survey.pdf
Chakraverty, S., Sahoo, D. M., & Mahato, N. R. (2019). Fuzzy numbers. In Concepts of soft computing. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7430-2_3
Chatterjee, P., Athawale, V. M., & Chakraborty, S. (2011). Materials selection using complex proportional assessment and evaluation of mixed data methods. Materials & Design, 32(2), 851–860. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2010.07.010
Ciotta, V., Ciccone, A., Asprone, D., Manfredi, G., & Cosenza, E. (2021). Structural e-permits: An openBIM, model-based procedure for permit applications pertaining to structural engineering. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 27(8), 651–670. https://doi.org/10.3846/jcem.2021.15784
Estonian Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communication. (2020). http://financeestonia.ee/
Fauth, J., & Soibelman, L. (2022). Conceptual framework for building permit process modeling: Lessons learned from a comparison between Germany and the United States regarding the as-is building permit processes. Buildings, 12(5), 638. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12050638
Future Insight Group. (2019). Introducing a Building Information Model (BIM)-based process for building permits in Estonia. (Technical report).
Guler, D., & Yomralioglu, T. (2021). A reformative framework for processes from building permit issuing to property ownership in Turkey. Land Use Policy, 101, 105115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.105115
Gurevich, U., Sacks, R., & Shrestha, P. (2017). BIM adoption by public facility agencies: impacts on occupant value. Building Research & Information, 45(6), 610–630. https://doi.org/10.1080/09613218.2017.1289029
Hjelseth, E. (2015). Public BIM-based model checking solutions: Lessons learned from Singapore and Norway. Building Information Modelling (BIM) in Design, Construction and Operations, 149, 421–436. https://doi.org/10.2495/BIM150351
Holt, D. T., Armenakis, A. A., Feild, H. S., & Harris, S. G. (2007). Readiness for organizational change: The systematic development of a scale. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 43(2), 232–255. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021886306295295
Ismail, A., & Hamoud, M. (2021). Dubai BIM e-Submission Platform and BIM-GIS integration. Digital building permit: A state of play. In EUnet4DBP International Workshop on Digital Building Permit.
Juan, Y. K., Lai, W. Y., & Shih, S. G. (2017). Building information modeling acceptance and readiness assessment in Taiwanese architectural firms. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 23(3), 356–367. https://doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2015.1128480
Klir, G. J., & Folger, T. A. (1988). Fuzzy sets, uncertainty, and information. Prentice Hall.
Kim, I., Choi, J., Teo, E. A. L., & Sun, H. (2020). Development of K-BIM e-Submission prototypical system for the openBIM-based building permit framework. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 26(8), 744–756. https://doi.org/10.3846/jcem.2020.13756
Lee, G., & Borrmann, A. (2020). BIM policy and management. Construction Management and Economics, 38(5), 413–419. https://doi.org/10.1080/01446193.2020.1726979
Lee, H., Lee, J. K., Park, S., & Kim, I. (2016). Translating building legislation into a computer-executable format for evaluating building permit requirements. Automation in Construction, 71, 49–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2016.04.008
Liao, L., Teo Ai Lin, E., & Low, S. P. (2020). Assessing building information modeling implementation readiness in building projects in Singapore: A fuzzy synthetic evaluation approach. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 27(3), 700–724. https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-01-2019-0028
Malsane, S., Matthews, J., Lockley, S., Love, P. E., & Greenwood, D. (2015). Development of an object model for automated compliance checking. Automation in Construction, 49, 51–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2014.10.004
Noardo, F., Malacarne, G., Mastrolembo, V. S., Tagliabue, L. C., Ciribini, A. L. C., Ellul, C., & Stoter, J. (2020). Integrating expertises and ambitions for data-driven digital building permits-the EUNET4DBP. ISPRS Archives, 44, 103–110. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIV-4-W1-2020
Oesterreich, T. D., & Teuteberg, F. (2019). Behind the scenes: Understanding the socio-technical barriers to BIM adoption through the theoretical lens of information systems research. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 146, 413–431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2019.01.003
Olsson, P. O., Axelsson, J., Hooper, M., & Harrie, L. (2018). Automation of building permission by integration of BIM and geospatial data. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 7(8), 307. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi7080307
Plazza, D., Röck, M., Malacarne, G., Passer, A., Marcher, C., & Matt, D. T. (2019, August). BIM for public authorities: Basic research for the standardized implementation of BIM in the building permit process. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 323(1), 012102. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/323/1/012102
Saraji, M. K., Streimikiene, D., & Ciegis, R. (2022). A novel Pythagorean fuzzy-SWARA-TOPSIS framework for evaluating the EU progress towards sustainable energy development. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 194, 42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-021-09685-9
Sebastian, R., & van Berlo, L. (2010). Tool for benchmarking BIM performance of design, engineering, and construction firms in the Netherlands. Architectural Engineering and Design Management, 6(4), 254–263. https://doi.org/10.3763/aedm.2010.IDDS3
Shahi, K., McCabe, B. Y., & Shahi, A. (2019). Framework for automated model-based e-permitting system for municipal jurisdictions. Journal of Management in Engineering, 35(6), 04019025. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000712
Song, J., Migliaccio, G. C., Wang, G., & Lu, H. (2017). Exploring the influence of system quality, information quality, and external service on BIM user satisfaction. Journal of Management in Engineering, 33(6), 04017036. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000549
Succar, B. (2009). Building information modeling maturity matrix. In Handbook of research on building information modeling and construction informatics: Concepts and technologies. Information Science Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-928-1.ch004
Succar, B., & Kassem, M. (2015). Macro-BIM adoption: Conceptual structures. Automation in Construction, 57, 64–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2015.04.018
Tupėnaitė, L., Kaklauskas, A., Voitov, I., Trinkūnas, V., Siniak, N., Gudauskas, R., & Kanapeckienė, L. (2018). Multiple criteria assessment of apartment building performance for refurbishment purposes. International Journal of Strategic Property Management, 22(4), 236–251. https://doi.org/10.3846/ijspm.2018.3679
Ullah, K., Witt, E., & Lill, I. (2022). The BIM-based building permit process: Factors affecting adoption. Buildings, 12(1), 45. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12010045
United Nations. (2020). E-government survey 2020. Digital government in the decade for action for sustainable development. https://publicadministration.un.org/egovkb/Portals/egovkb/Documents/un/2020-Survey/2020%20UN%20E-Government%20Survey%20(Full%20Report).pdf
Vahdani, B., Mousavi, S. M., Tavakkoli-Moghaddam, R., Ghodratnama, A., & Mohammadi, M. (2014). Robot selection by a multiple criteria complex proportional assessment method under an interval-valued fuzzy environment. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 73(5), 687–697. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-014-5849-9
Virkamäki, P., & Masjagutova, J. (2020). Challenges and experiences to implement digital building application and permission in Finland. https://kirahub.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/11.15-FI-Vantaa-BIM-permit-Pekka-Jekaterina.pdf
World Bank. (2020). Doing business. World Bank Group. https://www.doingbusiness.org/en/doingbusiness
Yang, J. B., & Chou, H. Y. (2018). Mixed approach to government BIM implementation policy: An empirical study of Taiwan. Journal of Building Engineering, 20, 337–343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2018.08.007
Yazdani, M., Alidoosti, A., & Zavadskas, E. K. (2011). Risk analysis of critical infrastructures using fuzzy COPRAS. Economic Research-Ekonomska istraživanja, 24(4), 27–40. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2011.11517478
Zadeh, L. A. (1965). Fuzzy sets. Information and Control, 8, 338–353. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0019-9958(65)90241-X
Zadeh, L. A. (1975). The concept of a linguistic variable and its application to approximate reasoning – I. Information Sciences, 8(3), 199–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-0255(75)90036-5
Zavadskas, E. K., & Antucheviciene, J. (2007). Multiple criteria evaluation of rural building’s regeneration alternatives. Building and Environment, 42(1), 436–451. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2005.08.001
Zavadskas, E. K., Kaklauskas, A., & Sarka, V. (1994). The new method of multicriteria complex proportional assessment of projects. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 1(3), 131–139.
Zimmermann, H. J. (2010). Fuzzy set theory. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Computational Statistics, 2(3), 317–332. https://doi.org/10.1002/wics.82