Equity evaluation of urban park system: a case study of Xiamen, China
Abstract
Urban parks play a distinctive and important role in satisfying residents’ demands on leisure and recreation, and thus have become the focus of research in the field of urban planning and sustainable development. This paper used equity as indicator to combine both the supply and demand sides of urban park service. Taking Xiamen as the study case, the relationship between spatial distribution of population and park services was analyzed. The results show that while population density has a significant spatial relationship with urban park service level at the city scale, Xiamen has the problem of neglecting the equity of urban park service between people and regions within the city. The proposed approach builds up the linkage between urban park service and urban population in order to evaluate the performance of urban park. Although the mechanism remains to be discussed, this study provides a useful auxiliary tool for constructing a guideline for urban green space planning, since urban park is increasingly seen as a kind of restricted public resource and ensuring its equity should be an important task for city mangers.
Keyword : urban park, green space, scale effects, spatial distribution, equity, supply-demand balance
How to Cite
Luo, T. ., Yang, F. ., Wu, L. ., & Gao, X. . (2020). Equity evaluation of urban park system: a case study of Xiamen, China. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management, 28(3), 125-136. https://doi.org/10.3846/jeelm.2020.12704
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
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Brandli, L. L., Prietto, P. D. M., & Neckel, A. (2015). Estimating the Willingness to pay for improvement of an urban park in Southern Brazil using the contingent valuation method. Journal of Urban Planning and Development, 141(4), A4014001. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)UP.1943-5444.0000254
Brown, G., Rhodes, J., & Dade, M. (2018). An evaluation of participatory mapping methods to assess urban park benefits. Landscape and Urban Planning, 178, 18–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2018.05.018
Chen, Q., Hou, Y., & Wu, S. (2016). Assessment of accessibility to urban parks in Shaoxing City. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 36, 375–383. https://doi.org/10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2016.03.008
Chen, W. Y., Hu, F. Z. Y., Li, X., & Hua, J. Y. (2017). Strategic interaction in municipal governments’ provision of public green spaces: A dynamic spatial panel data analysis in transitional China. Cities, 71, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2017.07.003
Deutscher, J., Kupec, P., Kucera, A., Urban, J., Ledesma, J. L. J., & Futter, M. (2019). Ecohydrological consequences of tree removal in an urban park evaluated using open data, free software and a minimalist measuring campaign. Science of the Total Environment, 655, 1495–1504. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.277
Donaldson, R., Ferreira, S., Didier, S., Rodary, E., & Swanepoel, J. (2016). Access to the urban national park in Cape Town: Where urban and natural environment meet. Habitat International, 57, 132–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2016.04.010
Higgs, G., Fry, R., & Langford, M. (2012). Investigating the implications of using alternative GIS-based techniques to measure accessibility to green space [J]. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 39(2), 326–343. https://doi.org/10.1068/b37130
Ibes, D. C. (2015). A multi-dimensional classification and equity analysis of an urban park system: A novel methodology and case study application. Landscape and Urban Planning, 137, 122–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2014.12.014
Jiang, H. Y., Zhou, C. S., & Gao, J. B. (2011). Advance in the equity of spatial distribution of urban public service in western countries. City Planning Review, 35, 72–77.
Lee, G., & Hong, I. (2013). Measuring spatial accessibility in the context of spatial disparity between demand and supply of urban park service. Landscape and Urban Planning, 119, 85–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2013.07.001
Mu, H. K., Gao, Y., Wang, Z. Y., & Zhang, Y. L. (2019). Equity evaluation of park green space service level from the perspective of supply and demand balance: An empirical analysis based on big Data. Urban Development Studies, 26(11). https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-3862.2019.11.012
Paulo, A., Gałaś, A., & Gałaś, S. (2013). Planning the Colca Canyon and the Valley of the Volcanoes National Park in South Peru. Environmental Earth Sciences, 71, 1021–1032. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-013-2506-9
Razak, M. A. W. A., Othman, N., & Nazir, N. N. M. (2016). Connecting people with nature: Urban park and human well-being. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 222, 476–484. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.05.138
Rich, R. (1978). Equality and urban policy: The distribution of municipal public services. By Robert L. Lineberry. (Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage Publications, 1977. Pp. 205. $11.95, cloth; $6.00, paper). American Political Science Review, 72(4), 1421– 1423. https://doi.org/10.2307/1954591
Rich, R. C. (1979). Neglected issues in the study of urban service distributions: A research agenda. Urban Studies, 16(2), 143–156. https://doi.org/10.1080/00420987920080221
Rigolon, A. (2016). A complex landscape of inequity in access to urban parks: A literature review. Landscape and Urban Planning, 153, 160–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2016.05.017
Rigolon, A., Browning, M., & Jennings, V. (2018). Inequities in the quality of urban park systems: An environmental justice investigation of cities in the United States. Landscape and Urban Planning, 178, 156–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2018.05.026
Shen, L., Zhang, Z., Zhang, X., Yan, H., & He, B. (2017). Measuring incoordination-adjusted sustainability performance during the urbanization process: Spatial-dimensional perspectives. Journal of Cleaner Production, 143, 731–743. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.12.050
Smith, J. W., & Floyd, M. F. (2013). The urban growth machine, central place theory and access to open space. City, Culture and Society, 4(2), 87–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccs.2013.03.002
Talen, E., & Anselin, L. (1998). Assessing spatial equity: An evaluation of measures of accessibility to public playgrounds. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 30(4), 595–613. https://doi.org/10.1068/a300595
Tan, P. Y., & Samsudin, R. (2017). Effects of spatial scale on assessment of spatial equity of urban park provision. Landscape and Urban Planning, 158, 139–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2016.11.001
Wüstemann, H., Kalisch, D., & Kolbe, J. (2017). Access to urban green space and environmental inequalities in Germany. Landscape and Urban Planning, 164, 124–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2017.04.002
Wu, J. S., Si, M. L., & Li, W. F. (2016). Spatial equity analysis of urban green space from the perspective of balance between supply and demand: A case study of Futian District, Shenzhen, China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 27(9), 2831–2838. https://doi.org/10.13287/j.1001-9332.201609.011
Xiamen Planning Commision. (2009). Overall urban planning of Xiamen (2010–2020). http://news.xmhouse.com/bd/201501/t20150130_570993.htm
Xiamen Statistics Bureau. (2015). Yearbook of Xiamen special economic zone. China Statistic Press.
Xiamen Urban Planning and Research Institute. (2015). Xiamen green space system planning.
Xiao, Y., Wang, Z., Li, Z., & Tang, Z. (2017). An assessment of urban park access in Shanghai – Implications for the social equity in urban China. Landscape and Urban Planning, 157, 383–393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2016.08.007
Xie, B., An, Z., Zheng, Y., & Li, Z. (2018). Healthy aging with parks: Association between park accessibility and the health status of older adults in urban China. Sustainable Cities and Society, 43, 476–486. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2018.09.010
Yan, H., Wu, F., & Dong, L. (2018). Influence of a large urban park on the local urban thermal environment. Science of the Total Environment, 622–623, 882–891. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.327
Yang, W. Y., Li, X., & Ye, C. D. (2019). Evaluation Index System for urban green system planning. Planners, 9, 71–76. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-0022.2019.09.012
Yi, L., & Bai, Z. (2016). A study of recreation behavior and characteristics of Changsha Urban Parks. Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology, 10, 70–73. https://doi.org/10.14067/j.cnki.1673-9272.2016.02.014