Evaluating association between implementation of ISO 14031 guidelines and ISO 14001 certification by industrial sector in Saudi Arabia
Abstract
Conflicting research results regarding the application of environmental management systems on the environmental performance of industrial organizations between positive, negative, and no effect made studying this relationship a complex research problem. This study aimed to assess the extent of the commitment of industrial organizations in Saudi Arabia in applying ISO 14031:2013 guidelines to evaluate environmental performance and to study the association between the guideline implementation by ISO 14001:2015 certified and uncertified organizations. Using the descriptive approach, the association was identified between 13 independent variables representing ISO 14031:2013 guidelines for environmental performance evaluation and ISO 14001:2015 certification based on a 596 organizations survey conducted from May to December 2020, in addition to comparing the results of the study with similar studies. The results showed a medium positive correlation of ISO 14031 measurement variables with ISO 14001 certification. The study answered the question concerning the association of implementing of ISO 14031 guidelines to evaluate the environmental performance of ISO 14001 certified or uncertified organizations. Limited resources organizations should focus on monitoring environmental indicators and concentrate of planning activities to ensure the organizations uses environmental condition indicators data efficiently. Future studies are necessary to determine causal relationships, to develop specific environmental performance measures, and to integrate ISO 14031 in ISO 14001.
Keyword : environmental management systems, ISO 14001, ISO 14031, association, Phi correlation coefficient, TURF analysis
How to Cite
Mansour, M., & Alsulamy, S. (2021). Evaluating association between implementation of ISO 14031 guidelines and ISO 14001 certification by industrial sector in Saudi Arabia. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management, 29(1), 61-71. https://doi.org/10.3846/jeelm.2021.14123
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Adler, T., Smith, C., & Dumont, J. (2010). Optimizing product portfolios using discrete choice modeling and TURF. In S. Hess & A. Daly (Eds.), Choice modelling: The Stateoftheart and The Stateofpractice (pp. 483–497). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/9781849507738-022
Alemagi, D., Oben, P. M., & Ertel, J. (2006). Implementing environmental management systems in industries along the Atlantic coast of Cameroon: Drivers, benefits and barriers. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 13(4), 221–232. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.106
Aravind, D., & Christmann, P. (2011). Decoupling of standard implementation from certification: does quality of ISO 14001 implementation affect facilities’ environmental performance? Business Ethics Quarterly, 21(1), 73–102. https://doi.org/10.5840/beq20112114
Boiral, O., Guillaumie, L., Heras-Saizarbitoria, I., & Tayo Tene, C. V. (2018). Adoption and outcomes of ISO 14001: A systematic review. International Journal of Management Reviews, 20(2), 411–432. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijmr.12139
Boiral, O., & Henri, J.-F. (2012). Modelling the impact of ISO 14001 on environmental performance: A comparative approach. Journal of Environmental Management, 99, 84–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.01.007
Castka, P., & Prajogo, D. (2013). The effect of pressure from secondary stakeholders on the internalization of ISO 14001. Journal of Cleaner Production, 47, 245–252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.12.034
Curkovic, S., & Sroufe, R. (2011). Using ISO 14001 to promote a sustainable supply chain strategy. Business Strategy and the Environment, 20(2), 71–93. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.671
Djekic, I., Rajkovic, A., Tomic, N., Smigic, N., & Radovanovic, R. (2014). Environmental management effects in certified Serbian food companies. Journal of Cleaner Production, 76, 196–199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.04.062
Falqi, I., Alsulamy, S., & Mansour, M. (2020). Environmental performance evaluation and analysis using ISO 14031 guidelines in construction sector industries. Sustainability, 12(5), 1774. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12051774
Fonseca, L. (2015). ISO 14001: 2015: An improved tool for sustainability. Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management, 8(1), 37–50. https://doi.org/10.3926/jiem.1298
Fonseca, L., & Domingues, P. (2018). Exploratory research of ISO 14001:2015 transition among Portuguese organizations. Sustainability, 10(3), 781. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10030781
Fonseca, L., Domingues, P., Baylina, P., & Calderon, M. (2017). Management system certification benefits: Where do we stand? Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management, 10(3), 476–494. https://doi.org/10.3926/jiem.2350
Ghisellini, A., & Thurston, D. L. (2005). Decision traps in ISO 14001 implementation process: Case study results from Illinois certified companies. Journal of Cleaner Production, 13(8), 763–777. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2004.02.042
Gomez, A., & Rodriguez, M. A. (2011). The effect of ISO 14001 certification on toxic emissions: an analysis of industrial facilities in the north of Spain. Journal of Cleaner Production, 19(9), 1091–1095. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2011.01.012
Hasan, M., & Chan, C. (2014). ISO 14000 and its perceived impact on corporate performance. Business and Management Horizons, 2, 1.
Hopkinson, P., James, P., & Sammut, A. (2010). Environmental performance evaluation in the water industry of England and Wales. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 43(6), 873–895. https://doi.org/10.1080/09640560020001737
IBM. (2017). IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows (Version 25.0). IBM Corp., Armonk, NY. https://www.ibm.com/
Ingo, M., & Klinkenberg, R. (2019). RapidMiner Studio 9.5.001 (Version rev:24d768). RapidMiner, Inc. https://my.rapidminer.com/
International Organization for Standardization. (2013). Environmental management – environmental performance evaluation – guidelines (ISO 14031:2013). Geneva, Switzerland. https://www.iso.org/standard/52297.html
International Organization for Standardization. (2015). Environmental management systems – requirements with guidance for use (ISO 14001:2015). Geneva, Switzerland. https://www.iso.org/standard/60857.html
King, A., Lenox, M., & Terlaak, A. (2005). The strategic use of decentralized institutions: exploring certification with ISO 14001 management standard. Academy of Management Journal, 48(6). https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2005.19573111
Kotu, V., & Deshpande, B. (2015). Data exploration. In V. Kotu & B. Deshpande (Eds.), Predictive analytics and data mining (pp. 37–61). Morgan Kaufmann. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-801460-8.00003-3
Link, S., & Naveh, E. (2006). Standardization and discretion: Does the environmental standard ISO 14001 lead to performance benefits? IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 53(4), 508–519. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEM.2006.883704
Mansour, M. A. A., Khadar, S. D. A., & Falqi, I. I. A. (2019). Analyzing the implementation of environmental laws in the Saudi Arabian construction industry. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 17(2), 3781–3802. https://doi.org/10.15666/aeer/1702_37813802
Martín-Peña, M. L., Díaz-Garrido, E., & Sánchez-López, J. M. (2014). Analysis of benefits and difficulties associated with firms’ Environmental Management Systems: The case of the Spanish automotive industry. Journal of Cleaner Production, 70, 220–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.01.085
Mihailescu, N., Zahanagiu, A., & Isbasoiu, R. (2011). Aspects of the implementation of ISO quality standards within INCDPM – ICIM Bucharest. Journal of Environmental Protection and Ecology, 12(3A), 1551–1562.
Murmura, F., Liberatore, L., Bravi, L., & Casolani, N. (2018). Evaluation of Italian companies’ perception about ISO 14001 and Eco Management and Audit Scheme III: Motivations, benefits and barriers. Journal of Cleaner Production, 174, 691–700. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.10.337
Nguyen, Q. A., & Hens, L. (2015). Environmental performance of the cement industry in Vietnam: The influence of ISO 14001 certification. Journal of Cleaner Production, 96, 362–378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.09.032
Orlitzky, M., Siegel, D. S., & Waldman, D. A. (2011). Strategic corporate social responsibility and environmental sustainability. Business & Society, 50(1), 6–27. https://doi.org/10.1177/0007650310394323
Poksinska, B. (2003). Implementing ISO 14000 in Sweden: Motives, benefits and comparisons with ISO 9000. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 20(5), 585–606. https://doi.org/10.1108/02656710310476543
Potoski, M., & Prakash, A. (2013). Do voluntary programs reduce pollution? Examining ISO 14001’s effectiveness across countries. Policy Studies Journal, 41(2), 273–294. https://doi.org/10.1111/psj.12017
Prajogo, D., Ailie, K. Y. T., & Lai, K.-H. (2014). The diffusion of environmental management system and its effect on environmental management practices. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 34(5), 565–585. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOPM-10-2012-0448
Prajogo, D., Tang, A. K. Y., & Lai, K.-h. (2012). Do firms get what they want from ISO 14001 adoption?: an Australian perspective. Journal of Cleaner Production, 33, 117–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.04.019
Radonjič, G., & Tominc, P. (2006). The impact and significance of ISO 14001 certification on the adoption of new technologies: The case of Slovenia. Management of Environmental Quality, 17(6), 707–727. https://doi.org/10.1108/14777830610702539
Ren, X. (2000). Development of environmental performance indicators for textile process and product. Journal of Cleaner Production, 8(6), 473–481. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0959-6526(00)00017-2
Schylander, E., & Martinuzzi, A. (2007). ISO 14001 – experiences, effects and future challenges: a national study in Austria. Business Strategy and the Environment, 16(2), 133–147.
Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2013). Research methods for business: A skillbuilding approach (Vol. 34). Wiley.
Tam, C. M., Tam, V. W. Y., & Zeng, S. X. (2002). Environmental Performance Evaluation (EPE) for construction. Building Research & Information, 30(5), 349–361. https://doi.org/10.1080/09613210210150964
Tarí, J. J., Molina-Azorín, J. F., & Heras, I. (2012). Benefits of the ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 standards: A literature review. Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management, 5(2), 297–322. https://doi.org/10.3926/jiem.488
Testa, F., Rizzi, F., Daddi, T., Gusmerotti, N. M., Frey, M., & Iraldo, F. (2014). EMAS and ISO 14001: The differences in effectively improving environmental performance. Journal of Cleaner Production, 68, 165–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.12.061
Turk, A. M. (2009). ISO 14000 environmental management system in construction: An examination of its application in Turkey. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 20(7), 713–733. https://doi.org/10.1080/14783360903036996
Wang, J.-X., & Zhao, M.-Z. (2020). Economic impacts of ISO 14001 certification in China and the moderating role of firm size and age. Journal of Cleaner Production, 274, 123059. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123059
Waxin, M.-F., Knuteson, S. L., & Bartholomew, A. (2019). Outcomes and key factors of success for ISO 14001 certification: Evidence from an emerging Arab Gulf country. Sustainability, 12(1), 258. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12010258
Zeng, S. X., Tam, C. M., Tam, V. W. Y., & Deng, Z. M. (2005). Towards implementation of ISO 14001 environmental management systems in selected industries in China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 13(7), 645–656. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2003.12.009
Zhang, W., Wang, W., & Wang, S. (2014). Environmental performance evaluation of implementing EMS (ISO 14001) in the coating industry: Case study of a Shanghai coating firm. Journal of Cleaner Production, 64, 205–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.08.028
Zobel, T. (2013). ISO 14001 certification in manufacturing firms: a tool for those in need or an indication of greenness? Journal of Cleaner Production, 43, 37–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.12.014
Zobel, T. (2015). ISO 14001 adoption and industrial waste generation: The case of Swedish manufacturing firms. Waste Management & Research, 33(2), 107–113. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242X14564643
Alemagi, D., Oben, P. M., & Ertel, J. (2006). Implementing environmental management systems in industries along the Atlantic coast of Cameroon: Drivers, benefits and barriers. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 13(4), 221–232. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.106
Aravind, D., & Christmann, P. (2011). Decoupling of standard implementation from certification: does quality of ISO 14001 implementation affect facilities’ environmental performance? Business Ethics Quarterly, 21(1), 73–102. https://doi.org/10.5840/beq20112114
Boiral, O., Guillaumie, L., Heras-Saizarbitoria, I., & Tayo Tene, C. V. (2018). Adoption and outcomes of ISO 14001: A systematic review. International Journal of Management Reviews, 20(2), 411–432. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijmr.12139
Boiral, O., & Henri, J.-F. (2012). Modelling the impact of ISO 14001 on environmental performance: A comparative approach. Journal of Environmental Management, 99, 84–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.01.007
Castka, P., & Prajogo, D. (2013). The effect of pressure from secondary stakeholders on the internalization of ISO 14001. Journal of Cleaner Production, 47, 245–252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.12.034
Curkovic, S., & Sroufe, R. (2011). Using ISO 14001 to promote a sustainable supply chain strategy. Business Strategy and the Environment, 20(2), 71–93. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.671
Djekic, I., Rajkovic, A., Tomic, N., Smigic, N., & Radovanovic, R. (2014). Environmental management effects in certified Serbian food companies. Journal of Cleaner Production, 76, 196–199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.04.062
Falqi, I., Alsulamy, S., & Mansour, M. (2020). Environmental performance evaluation and analysis using ISO 14031 guidelines in construction sector industries. Sustainability, 12(5), 1774. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12051774
Fonseca, L. (2015). ISO 14001: 2015: An improved tool for sustainability. Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management, 8(1), 37–50. https://doi.org/10.3926/jiem.1298
Fonseca, L., & Domingues, P. (2018). Exploratory research of ISO 14001:2015 transition among Portuguese organizations. Sustainability, 10(3), 781. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10030781
Fonseca, L., Domingues, P., Baylina, P., & Calderon, M. (2017). Management system certification benefits: Where do we stand? Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management, 10(3), 476–494. https://doi.org/10.3926/jiem.2350
Ghisellini, A., & Thurston, D. L. (2005). Decision traps in ISO 14001 implementation process: Case study results from Illinois certified companies. Journal of Cleaner Production, 13(8), 763–777. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2004.02.042
Gomez, A., & Rodriguez, M. A. (2011). The effect of ISO 14001 certification on toxic emissions: an analysis of industrial facilities in the north of Spain. Journal of Cleaner Production, 19(9), 1091–1095. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2011.01.012
Hasan, M., & Chan, C. (2014). ISO 14000 and its perceived impact on corporate performance. Business and Management Horizons, 2, 1.
Hopkinson, P., James, P., & Sammut, A. (2010). Environmental performance evaluation in the water industry of England and Wales. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 43(6), 873–895. https://doi.org/10.1080/09640560020001737
IBM. (2017). IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows (Version 25.0). IBM Corp., Armonk, NY. https://www.ibm.com/
Ingo, M., & Klinkenberg, R. (2019). RapidMiner Studio 9.5.001 (Version rev:24d768). RapidMiner, Inc. https://my.rapidminer.com/
International Organization for Standardization. (2013). Environmental management – environmental performance evaluation – guidelines (ISO 14031:2013). Geneva, Switzerland. https://www.iso.org/standard/52297.html
International Organization for Standardization. (2015). Environmental management systems – requirements with guidance for use (ISO 14001:2015). Geneva, Switzerland. https://www.iso.org/standard/60857.html
King, A., Lenox, M., & Terlaak, A. (2005). The strategic use of decentralized institutions: exploring certification with ISO 14001 management standard. Academy of Management Journal, 48(6). https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2005.19573111
Kotu, V., & Deshpande, B. (2015). Data exploration. In V. Kotu & B. Deshpande (Eds.), Predictive analytics and data mining (pp. 37–61). Morgan Kaufmann. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-801460-8.00003-3
Link, S., & Naveh, E. (2006). Standardization and discretion: Does the environmental standard ISO 14001 lead to performance benefits? IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 53(4), 508–519. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEM.2006.883704
Mansour, M. A. A., Khadar, S. D. A., & Falqi, I. I. A. (2019). Analyzing the implementation of environmental laws in the Saudi Arabian construction industry. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 17(2), 3781–3802. https://doi.org/10.15666/aeer/1702_37813802
Martín-Peña, M. L., Díaz-Garrido, E., & Sánchez-López, J. M. (2014). Analysis of benefits and difficulties associated with firms’ Environmental Management Systems: The case of the Spanish automotive industry. Journal of Cleaner Production, 70, 220–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.01.085
Mihailescu, N., Zahanagiu, A., & Isbasoiu, R. (2011). Aspects of the implementation of ISO quality standards within INCDPM – ICIM Bucharest. Journal of Environmental Protection and Ecology, 12(3A), 1551–1562.
Murmura, F., Liberatore, L., Bravi, L., & Casolani, N. (2018). Evaluation of Italian companies’ perception about ISO 14001 and Eco Management and Audit Scheme III: Motivations, benefits and barriers. Journal of Cleaner Production, 174, 691–700. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.10.337
Nguyen, Q. A., & Hens, L. (2015). Environmental performance of the cement industry in Vietnam: The influence of ISO 14001 certification. Journal of Cleaner Production, 96, 362–378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.09.032
Orlitzky, M., Siegel, D. S., & Waldman, D. A. (2011). Strategic corporate social responsibility and environmental sustainability. Business & Society, 50(1), 6–27. https://doi.org/10.1177/0007650310394323
Poksinska, B. (2003). Implementing ISO 14000 in Sweden: Motives, benefits and comparisons with ISO 9000. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 20(5), 585–606. https://doi.org/10.1108/02656710310476543
Potoski, M., & Prakash, A. (2013). Do voluntary programs reduce pollution? Examining ISO 14001’s effectiveness across countries. Policy Studies Journal, 41(2), 273–294. https://doi.org/10.1111/psj.12017
Prajogo, D., Ailie, K. Y. T., & Lai, K.-H. (2014). The diffusion of environmental management system and its effect on environmental management practices. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 34(5), 565–585. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOPM-10-2012-0448
Prajogo, D., Tang, A. K. Y., & Lai, K.-h. (2012). Do firms get what they want from ISO 14001 adoption?: an Australian perspective. Journal of Cleaner Production, 33, 117–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.04.019
Radonjič, G., & Tominc, P. (2006). The impact and significance of ISO 14001 certification on the adoption of new technologies: The case of Slovenia. Management of Environmental Quality, 17(6), 707–727. https://doi.org/10.1108/14777830610702539
Ren, X. (2000). Development of environmental performance indicators for textile process and product. Journal of Cleaner Production, 8(6), 473–481. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0959-6526(00)00017-2
Schylander, E., & Martinuzzi, A. (2007). ISO 14001 – experiences, effects and future challenges: a national study in Austria. Business Strategy and the Environment, 16(2), 133–147.
Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2013). Research methods for business: A skillbuilding approach (Vol. 34). Wiley.
Tam, C. M., Tam, V. W. Y., & Zeng, S. X. (2002). Environmental Performance Evaluation (EPE) for construction. Building Research & Information, 30(5), 349–361. https://doi.org/10.1080/09613210210150964
Tarí, J. J., Molina-Azorín, J. F., & Heras, I. (2012). Benefits of the ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 standards: A literature review. Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management, 5(2), 297–322. https://doi.org/10.3926/jiem.488
Testa, F., Rizzi, F., Daddi, T., Gusmerotti, N. M., Frey, M., & Iraldo, F. (2014). EMAS and ISO 14001: The differences in effectively improving environmental performance. Journal of Cleaner Production, 68, 165–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.12.061
Turk, A. M. (2009). ISO 14000 environmental management system in construction: An examination of its application in Turkey. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 20(7), 713–733. https://doi.org/10.1080/14783360903036996
Wang, J.-X., & Zhao, M.-Z. (2020). Economic impacts of ISO 14001 certification in China and the moderating role of firm size and age. Journal of Cleaner Production, 274, 123059. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123059
Waxin, M.-F., Knuteson, S. L., & Bartholomew, A. (2019). Outcomes and key factors of success for ISO 14001 certification: Evidence from an emerging Arab Gulf country. Sustainability, 12(1), 258. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12010258
Zeng, S. X., Tam, C. M., Tam, V. W. Y., & Deng, Z. M. (2005). Towards implementation of ISO 14001 environmental management systems in selected industries in China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 13(7), 645–656. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2003.12.009
Zhang, W., Wang, W., & Wang, S. (2014). Environmental performance evaluation of implementing EMS (ISO 14001) in the coating industry: Case study of a Shanghai coating firm. Journal of Cleaner Production, 64, 205–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.08.028
Zobel, T. (2013). ISO 14001 certification in manufacturing firms: a tool for those in need or an indication of greenness? Journal of Cleaner Production, 43, 37–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2012.12.014
Zobel, T. (2015). ISO 14001 adoption and industrial waste generation: The case of Swedish manufacturing firms. Waste Management & Research, 33(2), 107–113. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242X14564643