The potential for using different substrates in green roofs
Abstract
This research was carried out in Izmir-Turkiye and investigated the potential of using three different substrates (cocopeat, loofah and perlite) in the design of green roofs with succulents (Crassula ovata) in aim to improve their performance. In this research, four different groups (G1: Soil-Cocopeat, G2: Soil-Loofah, G3: Soil-Perlite and G4: Soil) were created according to the plant growing media used in the planting layer. The researchers conducted measurements of the drained irrigation water’s EC (Electrical Conductivity) value, pH value and drainage amount, the plant growing media’s temperature and moisture, the plant’s height and leaf number, and the amount of subsidence in the planting layer. In line with the results obtained from the evaluations of the analyses, it is possible to say that perlite (G3) offers more advantages than its alternatives in terms of many variables. However, according to the conclusive results, it has been understood that the use of a single type of substrate as plant growing media would not be sufficient to encourage the maximum performance of green roofs. To ensure that, considering the advantages of each substrate group, it is proposed that their combined use would be more beneficial.
Keyword : roof garden, vegetated roof, loofah, cocopeat, perlite, Crassula ovata
How to Cite
Cakar, H., Akat Saracoglu, O., Akat, H., Kilic, C. C., & Adanacioglu, H. (2023). The potential for using different substrates in green roofs. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management, 31(1), 44–51. https://doi.org/10.3846/jeelm.2023.18487
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
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Turgut, B. (2012). Ormanlık alanlarda toprak sıkışması sorunu. SDÜ Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 13, 66–73.
Ürgenç, S. (1990). Genel plantasyon ve ağaçlandırma tekniği. İstanbul Üniversitesi, Fakülte (Orman), Istanbul.
Vandegrift, D. A., Rowe, D. B., Cregg, B. M., & Liang, D. (2019). Effect of substrate depth on plant community development on a Michigan green roof. Ecological Engineering, 138, 264–273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2019.07.032
Woolley, T., & Kimmins, S. (2000). Green building handbook: Vol. 2. A guide to building products and their impact on the environment (1st ed.). Routledge.
Wooster, E. I. F., Fleck, R., Torpy, F., Ramp, D., & Irga, P. J. (2022). Urban green roofs promote metropolitan biodiversity: A comparative case study. Building and Environment, 207(A), 108458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.108458
Younis, A., Zulfiqar, F., Ramzan, F., Akram, A., Wright, S. R., Farooq, A., Ahsan, M., & Sagu, A. H. (2020). Roof top gardening, a solution for landscape enhancement in urban areas: A case study of Faisalabad, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 57(2), 333–337.
Aslanboğa, İ. (1988). Ege Bölgesi iklim koşullarında çatı bahçesi yapımında kullanılabilecek yapısal ve bitkisel materyalin seçimi üzerine araştırmalar. Bilgehan Basımevi, Bornova-İzmir.
Ayçam, İ., & Kınalı, M. (2013). Ofis binalarında yeşil çatıların ısıtma ve soğutma yüklerine olan etkilerinin analizi. Tesisat Mühendisliği, 135, 26–34.
Başar, H. (2000). Bazı topraksız yetiştiricilik yöntemlerinin karşılaştırılması. Anadolu Ege Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 10(2), 169–182.
Calheiros, C. S. C., & Stefanakis, A. I. (2021). Green roofs towards circular and resilient cities. Circular Economy and Sustainability, 1, 395–411. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43615-021-00033-0
Cascone, S. (2019). Green roof design: State of the art on technology and materials. Sustainability, 11(11), 3020. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11113020
Chagolla-Aranda, M. A., Simá, E., Xamán, J., Álvarez, G., Hernández-Pérez, I., & Téllez-Velázquez, E. (2017). Effect of irrigation on the experimental thermal performance of a green roof in a semi-warm climate in Mexico. Energy and Buildings, 154, 232–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.08.082
Dunnett, N., & Kingsbury, N. (2008). Planting green roofs and living walls (2nd ed.). Timber Press Inc.
Dvorak, B., & Volder, A. (2010). Green roof vegetation for North American ecoregions: A literature review. Landscape and Urban Planning, 96(4), 197–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2010.04.009
Ekmekçi, E., Apan, M., & Kara, T. (2005). Tuzluluğun bitki gelişimine etkisi. OMÜ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 20(3), 118–125.
Ekşi, M. (2014). Çatı bahçesi kavramı ve terim kullanımı üzerine bir değerlendirme. Avrasya Terim Dergisi, 2(2), 26–35.
Erkul, E., & Sönmez, A. (2014). Çevre duyarlı mimarlık: Yeşil çatı sistemleri çevre etkileri. Mimarlık Dergisi, 375, 52–58.
Gaffin, S., Rosenzweig, C., Parshall, L., Hillel, D., Eichenbaum Pikser, J., Greenbaum, A., Blake, R., Beattie, R., & Berghage, R. (2006, May 11–12). Quantifying evaporative cooling from green roofs and comparison to other land surfaces [Conference presentation]. The Fourth Annual Greening Rooftops for Sustainable Communities Conference Awards and Trade Show, Boston.
Gülgün Aslan, B., & Yazici, K. (2016). Yeşil altyapı sistemlerinde mevcut uygulamalar. Ziraat Mühendisliği, (363), 31–37.
Johnston, J., & Newton, J. (1993). Building green: A guide to using plants on roofs, walls and pavements. London Ecology Unit.
Kadıoğlu, B., & Canbolat, M. Y. (2019). Organik ve inorganik materyallerin ince bünyeli toprağa ilavesi ile hazırlanan yetişme ortamlarının hidrofiziksel özellikleri. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 50(2), 107–114. https://doi.org/10.17097/ataunizfd.453748
Korol, O., Shushunova, N., & Shushunova, T. (2018). Innovation technologies in Green Roof systems. MATEC Web of Conferences, 193(4), 04009. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819304009
Landscape Development and Landscaping Research Society e.V. (2018). Green roof guidelines: Guidelines for the planning, construction and maintenance of green roofs. Bonn, Germany.
Liu, K. (2004). Engineering performance on rooftop gardens through field evaluation. Journal of Roof Consultants Institute, 22(2), 4–12.
Manso, M., Teotónio, I., Silva, C. M., & Cruz, C. O. (2021). Green roof and green wall benefits and costs: A review of the quantitative evidence. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 135, 110111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110111
Özdemir, E., & Altun, M. C. (2010, Nisan 15–16). Bitkilendirilmiş çatı sistemi tasarımı için bir kontrol listesi önerisi. In 5. Ulusal Çatı ve Cephe Sempozyumu, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Mimarlık Fakültesi, Buca-İzmir. http://catider.org.tr/pdf/sempozyum5/Semp%205%20Bildiri%2022.pdf
Reyes, R., Bustamante, W., Gironás, J., Pastén, P. A., Rojas, V., Suárez, F., Vera, S., Victorero, F., & Bonilla, C. A. (2016). Effect of substrate depth and roof layers on green roof temperature and water requirements in a semi-arid climate. Ecological Engineering, 97, 624–632. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2016.10.025
Rowe, D. B. (2011). Green roofs as a means of pollution abatement. Environmental Pollution, 159(8–9), 2100–2110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2010.10.029
Seçkin, Y. P., & Seçkin, Y. Ç. (2016, Haziran 2–3). Mimari tasarımda yeşil çatıların gelişimi. In 8. Ulusal Çatı ve Cephe Sempozyumu, Mimar Sinan Güzel Sanatlar Üniversitesi, Fındıklı- İstanbul. http://catider.org.tr/pdf/sempozyum8/06-MIMARI-TASARIMDA-YESIL-CATILARIN-GELISIMI.pdf
Saiz, S., Kennedy, C., Bass, B., & Pressnail, K. (2006). Comparative life cycle assessment of standard and green roofs. Environmental Science and Technology, 40, 4312–4316. https://doi.org/10.1021/es0517522
Tamsa, H. K. (2013). Sürekli solma noktasının tayininde yeni bir yaklaşım: difüzyon- toprak nem ilişkisi. Namık Kemal Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Tekirdağ.
Turgut, B. (2012). Ormanlık alanlarda toprak sıkışması sorunu. SDÜ Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 13, 66–73.
Ürgenç, S. (1990). Genel plantasyon ve ağaçlandırma tekniği. İstanbul Üniversitesi, Fakülte (Orman), Istanbul.
Vandegrift, D. A., Rowe, D. B., Cregg, B. M., & Liang, D. (2019). Effect of substrate depth on plant community development on a Michigan green roof. Ecological Engineering, 138, 264–273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2019.07.032
Woolley, T., & Kimmins, S. (2000). Green building handbook: Vol. 2. A guide to building products and their impact on the environment (1st ed.). Routledge.
Wooster, E. I. F., Fleck, R., Torpy, F., Ramp, D., & Irga, P. J. (2022). Urban green roofs promote metropolitan biodiversity: A comparative case study. Building and Environment, 207(A), 108458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.108458
Younis, A., Zulfiqar, F., Ramzan, F., Akram, A., Wright, S. R., Farooq, A., Ahsan, M., & Sagu, A. H. (2020). Roof top gardening, a solution for landscape enhancement in urban areas: A case study of Faisalabad, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 57(2), 333–337.