Share:


Analysing the relationship between spatial configuration and land use of the Ordu city with the space syntax approach

Abstract

Cities, which are a product of human societies and the construction of civilization, are places where individuals spend a significant part of their daily lives. In this respect, the way urban space is organized and the qualities it possesses deeply affect urban life and usage practices. In this context, the research aims to reveal the relationship between spatial configuration and land uses in the region defined as the core of Ordu city centre with analytical methods. The main method followed in the study is based on the space syntax approach, which quantitatively reveals the spatial structure that constitutes the city. As a result of the study, a consistent relationship was found between the findings obtained from axial analysis and the uses in the space. The zone with the highest intelligibility is Zone 6, which is characterized by low-density commercial areas. The zone with the highest synergy value is Zone 7, which includes urban residential areas and low-density commercial areas.

Keyword : Ordu city, space syntax, spatial configuration, urban space, urban planning

How to Cite
Yesil, M., Karabork, R. N., Ozkul, V. E., & Guzel, M. (2024). Analysing the relationship between spatial configuration and land use of the Ordu city with the space syntax approach. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management, 32(4), 305–316. https://doi.org/10.3846/jeelm.2024.22357
Published in Issue
Nov 14, 2024
Abstract Views
139
PDF Downloads
75
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

References

Aceska, A., Heer, B., & Kaiser-Grolimund, A. (2019). Doing the city from the margins: Critical perspectives on urban marginality. Anthropological Forum, 29(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/00664677.2019.1588100

Ahmed, B., Hasan, R., & Maniruzzaman, K. (2014). Urban morphological change analysis of Dhaka City, Bangladesh, using space syntax. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 3(4), 1412–1444. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi3041412

Alalouch, C., Al-Hajri, S., Naser, A., & Al Hinai, A. (2019). The impact of space syntax spatial attributes on urban land use in muscat: Implications for urban sustainability. Sustainable Cities and Society, 46, Article 101417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2019.01.002

Ascensão, A., Costa, L., Fernandes, C., Morais, F., & Ruivo, C. (2019). 3D space syntax analysis: Attributes to be applied in landscape architecture projects. Urban Science, 3(1), Article 20. https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci3010020

Baran, P. K., Rodríguez, D. A., & Khattak, A. J. (2008). Space syntax and walking in a new urbanist and suburban neighbourhoods. Journal of Urban Design, 13(1), 5–28. https://doi.org/10.1080/13574800701803498

Bettencourt, L. (2013). The origins of scaling in cities. Science, 340(6139), 1438–1441. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1235823

Coughenour, C., de la Fuente-Mella, H., & Paz, A. (2019). Analysis of self-reported walking for transit in a sprawling urban metropolitan area in the Western US. Sustainability, 11(3), Article 852. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11030852

DepthmapX Development Team. (2024). depthmapX (Version 0.8.0). https://github.com/SpaceGroupUCL/depthmapX/releases/tag/v0.8.0

Eldiasty, A., Samra, M., & Eleishi, A. (2020). Space syntax as an evaluative and predictive tool to explore urbanity levels in New Damietta city. Journal of Engineering Sciences, 48(5), 910–926. https://doi.org/10.21608/jesaun.2020.120427

Elgamal, S., Sheta, S., & Foda, M. (2020). Optimizing public transportation networks using space syntax as an evidence-based approach: The case study of Mansoura City. Mansoura Engineering Journal, 45(4), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.21608/bfemu.2020.118212

Eltarabily, S. (2022). Toward a conceptual framework for evaluating the quality of urban open spaces. Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering, 31(2), 58–84. https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.31.2.31311

Fahri, M. (2023). Study of the correlation between road connectivity values towards walkability on Jendral Sudirman Street, Pangkalpinang using the space syntax method. IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science, 1267(1), Article 012083. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1267/1/012083

Griffiths, S., & Vaughan, L. (2020). Mapping spatial cultures: Contributions of space syntax to research in the urban history of the nineteenth-century city. Urban History, 47(3), 488–511. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0963926820000206

Griffiths, S., Dhanani, A., Ellul, C., Haklay, M., Jeevendrampillai, D., Nikolova, N., Rickles, P., & Vaughan, L. (2013). Using space syntax and historical land-use data to interrogate narratives of high street ‘decline’ in two Greater London suburbs. In Y. O. Kim, H. T. Park, & K. W. Seo (Eds.), Proceedings of the Ninth International Space Syntax Symposium (pp. 036:1–036:15). Sejong University.

Hajna, S., Ross, N., Joseph, L., Harper, S., & Dasgupta, K. (2016). Neighbourhood walkability and daily steps in adults with type 2 diabetes. PloS ONE, 11(3), Article e0151544. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0151544

Harris, C. R., Millman, K. J., Van Der Walt, S. J., Gommers, R., Virtanen, P., Cournapeau, D., & Oliphant, T. E. (2020). Array programming with NumPy. Nature, 585(7825), 357–362. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2649-2

Heo, Y., Lee, H., & Lee, H. (2021). A basic study on the analysis of spatial hierarchy in the elderly care facility. Journal of Human-Centric Science and Technology Innovation, 1(2), 17–22. https://doi.org/10.21742/JHSTI.2021.1.2.3

Hillier, B. (1996). Space is the machine: A configurational theory of architecture. Cambridge University Press.

Hillier, B. (2007). Space is the machine: A configurational theory of architecture. Cambridge University Press.

Hillier, B., & Hanson, J. (1984). The social logic of space. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511597237

Hillier, B., & Vaughan, L. (2007). The city as one thing. Progress in Planning, 67(3), 205–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progress.2007.03.001

Hu, R. (2015). Sustainable development strategy for the global city: A case study of Sydney. Sustainability, 7(4), 4549–4563. https://doi.org/10.3390/su7044549

Hunter, J. D. (2007). Matplotlib: A 2D graphics environment. Computing in Science and Engineering, 9(3), 90–95. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCSE.2007.55

Jabbari, M., Fonseca, F., & Ramos, R. (2021). Accessibility and connectivity criteria for assessing walkability: An application in Qazvin, Iran. Sustainability, 13(7), Article 3648. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13073648

Jiang, Y., Huang, J., Shi, T., & Wang, H. (2021). Interaction of urban rivers and green space morphology to mitigate the urban heat island effect: Case-based comparative analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(21), Article 11404. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111404

Johnsson, C., & Camporeale, R. (2022). Exploring space syntax integration at public transport hubs and public squares using drone footage. Applied Sciences, 12(13), Article 6515. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12136515

Kang, B., Moudon, A., Hurvitz, P., & Saelens, B. (2017). Differences in behaviours, time, location, and built environment between objectively measured utilitarian and recreational walking. Transportation Research Part D Transport and Environment, 57, 185–194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2017.09.026

Karimi, K. (2017). Space syntax: Consolidation and transformation of an urban research field. Journal of Urban Design, 23(1), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1080/13574809.2018.1403177

Khairanisa, F. (2022). Function, role, limitation, and potential of space syntax analysis in architectural field. Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Architecture, 1(2), 23–31. https://doi.org/10.24002/jarina.v1i2.6093

Kim, Y. H., & Yang, S. W. (2017). An empirical research on the vitalization factors of the commercial street with the walking population data – focused on Seoul city Jongno-gu Samcheong-dong road. Journal of the Urban Design Institute of Korea Urban Design, 18, 63–77. https://doi.org/10.38195/judik.2017.02.18.1.63

Kubat, A. S. (2015, October). Kentlerin biçimsel yapısındaki sayısal mantık: Space syntax [Paper presentation]. Türkiye Kentsel Morfoloji Araştırma Ağı 1. Sempozyumu, Mersin, Turkey.

Kürkçüoğlu, E., & Ocakçı, M. (2015, October). Kentsel dokuda yaya hareketlerinin psiko-mekânsal etki değerlendirmesi [Paper presentation]. Türkiye Kentsel Morfoloji Araştırma Ağı 1. Sempozyumu, Mersin, Turkey.

Kustiani, K., & Khidmat, R. P. (2022). The analysis of spatial configuration during the pandemic. Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.220703.021

Kutlay, E., & Karadoğan, S. (2022, May). Kent gezgini deneyimi: Kent dokusunun içsel hareket ile algısı alternatif kavram çerçevesi [Paper presentation]. Kentsel Morfoloji Sempozyumu, Ankara, Turkey.

Kuzulugil, A. C., Ünsal, Ö., Yıldız, N., & Aytatlı, B. (2023). Space syntax-based analysis method to improve the accessibility of urban tourism in a historic environment. Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 38(4), 2359–2374. https://doi.org/10.17341/gazimmfd.1077512

Lamíquiz, P. J., & López-Domínguez, J. (2015). Effects of built environment on walking at the neighbourhood scale. A new role for street networks by modelling their configurational accessibility? Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 74, 148–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2015.02.003

Lee, S., Yoo, C., & Seo, K. W. (2020). Determinant factors of pedestrian volume in different land-use zones: Combining space syntax metrics with GIS-based built-environment measures. Sustainability, 12(20), Article 8647. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12208647

Li, X., Lv, Z., Zheng, Z., Zhong, C., Hijazi, I. H., & Cheng, S. (2017). Assessment of lively street network based on geographic information system and space syntax. Multimedia Tools and Applications, 76, 17801–17819. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-015-3095-2

Li, Y., Xiao, L., Yu, Y., Xu, W., & Law, A. (2016). Understanding tourist space at a historic site through space syntax analysis: The case of Gulangyu, China. Tourism Management, 52, 30–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2015.06.008

Liu, J., Danhua, W., Hidetoshi, F., & Gao, W. (2015). Investigation and analysis of urban spatial structure around the train stations in Kitakyushu by using Space Syntax and GIS. Open Journal of Civil Engineering, 5(1), 97–108. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojce.2015.51010

Lynch, K. (1960). The image of the city. MIT Press.

Mahdzar, S. S. S., & Safari, H. (2014). Legibility as a result of geometry space: Analyzing and comparing hypothetical model and existing space by space syntax. Life Science Journal, 11(8), 309–317.

Maretto, M., Gherri, B., Chiovitti, A., Pitanti, G, Scattino, F., & Boggio, N. (2020). Morphology and sustainability in the project of public spaces: The case of the historic centre of Viterbo (Italy). The Journal of Public Space, 5(2), 23–44. https://doi.org/10.32891/jps.v5i2.1280

McMurtrie, R. J. (2022). Observing, recording, visualising and interpreting visitors’ movement patterns in art museums: A mixed method approach. Multimodality and Society, 2(2), 93–113. https://doi.org/10.1177/26349795221100132

Meziani, R. (2017). Accessibility and integration study of part of the Abu Dhabi 2030 master plan by using space syntax. Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 11(1), 81–90. https://doi.org/10.17265/1934-7359/2017.01.009

Min, K. M., Moon, J. M., & Kim, Y. O. (2007, June). The effect of spatial configuration on land use and land value in Seoul. In Proceedings of the Sixth Space Syntax Symposium (pp. 080-1–080-16), Istanbul.

Mohareb, N. (2013). Core/periphery spatial interrelation in historic cities: Tripoli (Lebanon) as a case study. In The sustainable city VIII: Urban regeneration and sustainability (pp. 131–139). WIT Press. https://doi.org/10.2495/SC130111

Munro, K., & Grierson, D. (2016). Linking space and nature syntaxes: The influence of a natural view through observed behaviour at Arcosanti, Arizona, USA. Sustainable Development in Higher Education, 1(1), 137–158. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47868-5_9

Nae, M., Dumitrache, L., Suditu, B., & Matei, E. (2019). Housing activism initiatives and land-use conflicts: Pathways for participatory planning and urban sustainable development in Bucharest city, Romania. Sustainability, 11(22), Article 6211. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11226211

Nalbant, M. (2016). The location of public sphere in urban spaces in Turkey: Assessment from an historical perspective. Journal of Academic Projection, 1(1), 12–27.

O’Neill, E., Kostakos, V., Kindberg, T., Schiek, A., Penn, A., Fraser, D., & Jones, T. (2006). Instrumenting the city: Developing methods for observing and understanding the digital cityscape. In P. Dourish & A. Friday (Eds.), Lecture notes in computer science: Vol. 4206. UbiComp 2006: Ubiquitous Computing (pp. 315–332). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/11853565_19

Orsini, H. F. (2018). Belgrade’s urban transformation during the 19th century: A space syntax approach. Geographica Pannonica, 22, 219–229. https://doi.org/10.5937/gp22-18026

Palasundram, K., Sharef, N. M., Kasmiran, K. A., & Azman, A. (2021). SEQ2SEQ++: A multitasking-based Seq2Seq model to generate meaningful and relevant answers. IEEE Access, 9, 164949–164975. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3133495

Pedregosa, F., Varoquaux, G., Gramfort, A., Michel, V., Thirion, B., Grisel, O., Blondel, M., Prettenhofer, P., Weiss, R., Dubourg, V., Vanderplas, J., Passos, A., Cournapeau, D., Brucher, M., Perrot, M., & Duchesnay, E. (2011). Scikit-learn: Machine learning in Python. Journal of Machine Learning Research, 12, 2825–2830.

Perchoux, C., Brondeel, R., Wasfi, R., Klein, O., Caruso, G., Vallée, J., & Gerber, P. (2019). Walking, trip purpose, and exposure to multiple environments: A case study of older adults in Luxembourg. Journal of Transport and Health, 13, 170–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2019.04.002

QGIS Development Team. (2024). QGIS geographic information system, open-source geospatial foundation project. http://qgis.osgeo.org

Rao, X., Zhou, J., Ding, K., Wang, J., Fu, J., & Zhu, Q. (2022). Research on the cultural tracing of the patriarchal clan system of traditional buildings in the eastern Zhejiang province China based on space syntax: The case study of Huzhai in Shaoxing. Sustainability, 14(12), Article 7247. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14127247

Rashid, M., Kampschroer, K., Wineman, J., & Zimring, C. (2006). Spatial layout and face-to-face interaction in offices-a study of the mechanisms of spatial effects on face-to-face interaction. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 33(6), 825–844. https://doi.org/10.1068/b31123

Roozkhosh, F., Molavi, M., & Salaripour, A. (2022). Accessibility, walkability, mixed land uses: Analysing diverse districts based on space syntax theory. International Review for Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development, 10(4), 223–239. https://doi.org/10.14246/irspsd.10.4_223

Schläpfer, M., Bettencourt, L., Grauwin, S., Raschke, M., Claxton, R., Smoreda, Z., & Ratti, C. (2014). The scaling of human interactions with city size. Journal of the Royal Society Interface, 11(98), Article 20130789. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2013.0789

Sharmin, S., & Kamruzzaman, M. (2018). Meta-analysis of the relationships between space syntax measures and pedestrian movement. Transport Reviews, 38(4), 524–550. https://doi.org/10.1080/01441647.2017.1365101

Trapero, E. S., Sanz, I. M., & Apilánez, B. R. (2020). Interpretación y análisis de la estructura urbana de Toledo a partir de sus accesibilidades geográfica y geométrica. In Ingeniería, urbanismo y universidad: Homenaje a José María de Ureña Francés (pp. 187–224). ETS de ingeniería de Caminos de Ciudad Real.

Tumertekin, E., & Ozguc, N. (2002). Beşeri Coğrafya / İnsan, Kültür, Mekân. Çantay Kitabevi.

Turgut, H. (2022). Space and accessibility analysis of Erzurum historical urban zone. Megaron, 17(4), 673–683.

TURKSTAT. (2024). Turkish Statistical Institute. https://www.tuik.gov.tr/Home/Index

Wang, Y., Koulouzis, S., Bianchi, R., Li, N., Shi, Y., Timmermans, J., & Zhao, Z. (2022). Scaling notebooks as re-configurable cloud workflows. Data Intelligence, 4(2), 409–425. https://doi.org/10.1162/dint_a_00140

Waskom, M. L. (2021). Seaborn: Statistical data visualization. Journal of Open-Source Software, 6(60), Article 3021. https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.03021

Xu, Y., Rollo, J., Jones, D., Esteban, Y., Tong, H., & Mu, Q. (2020). Towards sustainable heritage tourism: A space syntax-based analysis method to improve tourists’ spatial cognition in Chinese historic districts. Buildings, 10(2), Article 29. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings10020029

Yamu, C., & Nes, A. (2017). An integrated modelling approach combining multifractal urban planning with a space syntax perspective. Urban Science, 1(4), Article 37. https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci1040037

Yamu, C., Van Nes, A., & Garau, C. (2021). Bill Hillier’s legacy: Space syntax-a synopsis of basic concepts, measures, and empirical application. Sustainability, 13(6), Article 3394. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13063394

Yan, J., Diakité, A., & Zlatanova, S. (2019). A generic space definition framework to support seamless indoor/outdoor navigation systems. Transactions in GIS, 23(6), 1273–1295. https://doi.org/10.1111/tgis.12574

Yıldırım, E. G. (2018). A method based on space syntax and fractal analysis for analysing urban texture: The case of Gazi̇antep [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Istanbul Technical University.

Yin, L., Wang, T., & Adeyeye, K. (2021). A comparative study of urban spatial characteristics of the capitals of tang and song dynasties based on space syntax. Urban Science, 5(2), Article 34. https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci5020034

Zabihi, A., Safizadeh, M., & Marzbali, M. (2021). Wayfinding in hospital landscape: Syntactical analysis of planting design in hospitals in Kerman, Iran. Journal of Facilities Management, 19(3), 393–411. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFM-12-2020-0089

Zaninović, T., Palaiologou., G., Griffiths, S., & Šćitaroci, B. (2018). Urban landscape and spatial heritage: The case of gateway-pathways in Zagreb, Croatia. The Historic Environment Policy and Practice, 9(3–4), 274–305. https://doi.org/10.1080/17567505.2018.1514568

Zlatanova, S., Yan, J., Wang, Y., Diakité, A., Isikdag, U., Sithole, G., & Barton, J. (2020). Spaces in spatial science and urban applications-state of the art review. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 9(1), Article 58. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9010058