Regional disparities as a result of differences in human capital and innovativeness on the example of Poland
Abstract
Inequalities in human capital most often affect other spheres of life. It is people who create innovation, so the unequal distribution of human capital and innovation in the regions leads to development disparities between regions. This, in turn, is a force inhibiting the achievement of higher levels of prosperity at the national level. The existing studies mainly focus on the assessment of disparities in development between countries. Although understandings of mechanisms of regional disparities, i.e., assessment of how and whether disparities are disappearing or widening under current socio-economic conditions is crucial to economic stability and cohesion, the problem of determinants of development and the pace of development between regions has rarely been studied in the economic literature. The purpose of the article, therefore, is to show how quickly weaker regions are catching up with more developed regions and that regional disparities are mainly the result of uneven human capital accumulation. The authors wonder if human capital in the regions is used similarly to create innovation. Hence, they examine the rate of development of these two relationships. The research: (1) determines the pace of development and adjustment processes by using the dynamic time warping method, (2) discovers if human capital is the main driver of regional disparities and is fully utilized in the creation of innovativeness.
First published online 23 February 2023
Keyword : regional disparities, historical and geographical accumulation, human capital, innovativeness, socio-economic growth
How to Cite
Jagódka, M., & Snarska, M. (2023). Regional disparities as a result of differences in human capital and innovativeness on the example of Poland. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 29(2), 696–716. https://doi.org/10.3846/tede.2023.18536
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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Folloni, G., & Vittadini, G. (2010). Human capital measurment: A survey. Journal of Economic Surveys, 24(2), 248–279. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6419.2009.00614.x
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Giorgino, T. (2009). Computing and visualizing dynamic time warping alignments in R: The dtw Package. Journal of Statistical Software, 31(7), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v031.i07
Gorzelak, G. (2006). Poland’s regional policy and disparities in the Polish space. Studia Regionalne i Lokalne, 7(Special Issue), 39–74.
Greco, S., Ishizaka, A., Tasiou, M., & Torrisi, G. (2019). On the methodological framework of composite indices: A review of the issues of weighting, aggregation, and robustness. Social Indicators Research, 141(1), 61–94. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-017-1832-9
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Gurgul, H., & Łach, Ł. (2019). Regional patterns in technological progress of Poland: The role of EU structural funds. Central European Journal of Operations Research, 27(4), 1195–1220. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10100-018-0556-5
Healy, S., & Côté, S. (2001). The well-being of nations. The role of human and social capital. Education and skills. ERIC https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED453111
Hellwig, Z. (1968). Zastosowanie metody taksonomicznej do typologicznego podziału krajów ze względu na poziom ich rozwoju oraz zasoby i strukturę wykwalifikowanych kadr. Przeglad Statystyczny, 15(4), 307–326.
Hirschman, A. O. (1958). Strategy of economic development. Yale University Press.
Iammarino, S., Rodriguez-Pose, A., & Storper, M. (2019). Regional inequality in Europe: Evidence, theory and policy implications. Journal of Economic Geography, 19(2), 273–298. https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lby021
Jagódka, M. (2021). Kapitał ludzki i innowacyjność w układach regionalnych. Poltext.
Jagódka, M., & Snarska, M. (2021). The state of human capital and innovativeness of Polish voivodships in 2004–2018. Sustainability, 13(22), 12620. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132212620
Jagódka, M., & Snarska, M. (2023). Should we continue EU cohesion policy? The dilemma of uneven development of Polish regions. Social Indicators Research, 165(3), 901–917. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-022-03048-8
Jardon, C. M. (2016). Human capital as source of innovativeness in subsistence small businesses. Journal of Technology Management & Innovation, 11(3), 59–66. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-27242016000300007
Johansson, E. (2009). The history of literacy in Sweden. In H. Graff, A. Mackinnon, B. Sandin, & I. Winchester (Eds.), Understanding literacy in its historical context (pp. 38–57). Nordic Academic Press.
Kanbur, R., & Venables, A. J. (2007). Spatial disparities and economic development. In D. Held & A. Kaya (Eds.), Global inequality: Patterns and explanations (pp. 204–215). Polity Press.
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